Sweden: Extra adaptations, special support and action programmes

Two distinct forms of support

Sweden's National Agency for Education (Skolverket) distinguishes extra anpassningar (extra adaptations) from särskilt stöd (special support). Extra adaptations are ordinarily possible within normal teaching and do not need a formal decision. More extensive support is addressed through a formal åtgärdsprogram (action programme).

Do not confuse this action programme with an English EHCP or a US IEP; Swedish procedures and appeal rules differ.

What should the action programme contain?

Skolverket explains that the action programme should state the pupil's need for special support, the specific measures, who is responsible, and when measures will be followed up and evaluated. The pupil and guardian should have an opportunity to participate in its preparation.

1. Ask what adaptations have already been tried and what teachers have observed.
2. If more extensive support may be needed, ask whether the matter has been referred to the rektor (principal) for investigation.
3. If an action programme is decided, request the written decision and check who is responsible for each measure.
4. Agree how progress will be reviewed and what may change if support is insufficient.

If you disagree with the decision

Skolverket states that decisions to establish, not establish, or end an action programme may be appealed to the Schools Appeals Board (Skolväsendets överklagandenämnd, ÖKN). It gives a three-week appeal period from notification of the decision. Extra adaptations, in contrast, are not appealed as action-programme decisions. Read the school's written notice carefully and verify the current appeal instructions before acting.